Anti Submarine Missiles - The anti-submarine missile is a backup anti-submarine weapon. A variant of the anti-ship missile design, anti-submarine systems typically use a jet or rocket engine to deliver an explosive warhead aimed directly at a submarine, a depth charge, or a homing torpedo carried from a launch ship. or other platforms near the target.
Icarus, an Australian missile used by several navies between the 1960s and 1990s; the missile and parachute delivery system carried the acoustic torpedo up to 10 nautical miles (19 km) after launch. The UK-built variant used by the Royal Navy could carry a nuclear depth charge.
Anti Submarine Missiles
Used by the French Navy from 1966 to 1997, the Malafon used a missile glider to carry torpedoes up to 8 nautical miles (13 km) after launch.
Rur 5 Asroc Anti Submarine Rocket Mk 16 10 26 Launcher
Depth charges were the first weapons designed for use on ships against submerged submarines. This explosive was originally dropped while the ship was moving over the presumed location of the submarine. Before World War II, ship's sonar was unable to maintain contact with a submarine at close range.
During World War II, various mortar-type projectors, including the Hedgehog and the Squid, were designed to allow a ship to maintain sonar contact while hurling explosive charges toward a submarine.
During the Cold War, missiles were developed that provided greater range with reduced recoil. Some missiles and rockets, such as the Hong Sang Eo (Red Shark), carry guidance torpedoes that provide terminal guidance to the warhead.
The advantage of an anti-submarine missile is its attack range. The Swedish Bofors 375mm m/50 anti-submarine warfare (ASV) missiles, commonly used in the past by Sweden, France, Japan and Germany, for example, can fly up to 3600m depending on the missile used.
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The USSR developed its own anti-submarine missiles of the RBU series and they are still used by Russia and countries that use Russian-made ships. Today, anti-submarine missiles have been retired in most Western navies and have been replaced by the Homing ASV torpedo. Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixels. Other resolutions: 320 × 213 pixels | 640 × 427 pixels | 1024 × 682 pixels | 1280 × 853 pixels.
This is the US Navy's solid-propellant Subroc (submarine missile), the first cruise missile capable of underwater launch, guided air trajectories and underwater detonation. It was therefore very complex and underwent an extensive development program from 1955 until entering service in 1965. The Subroc could be used as an underwater-to-air-to-air, underwater-to-surface or surface-to-surface weapon and carried nuclear weapons. header. It was fired from a standard torpedo launcher, then surfaced, flew 25-50 miles before re-entering the water with the rocket motor already fired, and then returned to the enemy submarine. Decommissioned in 1987. Steven F. Udvar-Hazi Center.
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The concept dates back to early anti-submarine warfare, when anti-aircraft guns were mounted on the decks of submarines to defend against air attack when they surfaced. During the Cold War, the Soviets tested man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) on submarine periscopes. Nothing much came of it, as aiming was problematic. NATO countries have also toyed with the idea. Perhaps the UK has gone the furthest with a submarine-launched version of the Blowpipe missile.
The concept featured four remote-controlled missiles clustered around a television camera mounted on a telescoping mast on the submarine's sail. The Seaborn Blowfish never saw widespread operational use, but there are rumors that the Israelis have purchased the system. Now, decades later, submarine-launched air missiles (SLAMs) are back on the table, but are they necessary—or even tactically viable?
New SLAM capabilities come in several variations of complexity, and some are still more theoretical than operational. The simplest of these new systems is similar to the British Blowpipe concept in that it incorporates an existing MANPADS air-to-air missile design in an undercarriage attached to a turret mounted on the submarine's telescopic mast. The idea is that if a submarine was cornered by an airborne anti-submarine asset, it could dive to a very shallow depth, deploy an anti-aircraft missile system, lock onto the target and kill it. This would hopefully give the submarine time to slip away, assuming there are no other anti-submarine assets nearby.
France's MICA missile system launched from A3SM submarines is based on the same concept, and the Russians have reportedly developed a similar system for use on their Kilo-class diesel-electric submarines. It remains unclear whether this capability has been deployed, either domestically or with one of the Kilo-class' many export customers.
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The more advanced SLAM concept offers better survivability and maneuverability flexibility for a launch submarine, but is much more complex than the basic mast-mounted A3SM. The concept uses an underwater vehicle similar to a torpedo fired from a submarine that reaches the surface. Once there, it releases its missile - or missiles. Alternatively, no canister or vehicle may be needed at all, and the missile could surface and launch without any assistance.
One such system test fired by both German and Norwegian diesel-electric submarines is the Interactive Defense and Attack System (IDAS) primarily built by Diehl Defense.
Originally designed for Germany's popular Type 212 family of submarines, the missile itself is loosely based on the IRIS-T short-to-medium-range air-to-air missile, but travels at subsonic speeds and carries a fiber-optic cable. Like the French MICA, the IDAS primarily uses infrared homing to engage its target; but additional trackers can be fitted and it is envisaged that the system will be used against even small surface and coastal targets in the future. Since the cable connection between the submarine and the missile is maintained at all times, the submarine crew can perform target identification and even damage assessment during engagement.
"Four missiles will be housed in a magazine that fits a standard 21-inch torpedo tube." The rockets are ejected from the magazine into the water, their wings are removed, and they quietly separate from the submarine, where they ignite the rocket and continue flying through the air, powered by the weapon's rocket engine.
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One of the development challenges was the propulsion system. The same rocket was required to provide thrust for both underwater and aerial flight. The missile is designed to maintain projectiles at optimal speed while flying below the surface and accelerate to subsonic flight in the air, achieving an effective range of 20 km. Another problem was maintaining the optical fiber as it passed under and over the water. Diehl engineers were concerned about how the optical coils would perform in different environments (under and above water), and the test provided clear evidence that this would not be a problem.
Diehl originally considered using the IRST tracker for IDAS, but this high-performance all-aspect tracker may not be the only option, and other trackers could be considered to pick up the target by passively homing from the submarine's sonar. A submarine can gain the anti-fire power of a helicopter while submerged by locating the wave effect created by the rotor current. According to Diehl, the accuracy of such a guidance system is sufficient to provide azimuth and range, allowing a missile seeker to autonomously acquire a target with a high degree of certainty. The crew would then use the optical link to verify the target, confirm capture and assess battle damage."
The French also have a system under development that uses a short-range Mistral MANPADS missile double-wrapped in a torpedo-like vehicle that carries the missiles to the surface before launching itself into the air.
The US Navy also played with a similar concept, which faded in the shadow of development in recent years. In the late 2000s, the US Navy, Raitheon and Northrop Grumman worked to move the highly flexible short-range AIM-9X air-to-air missile to the undersea world as part of the Littoral Warfare Weapon program. The AIM-9X would be launched vertically in a canister from a submarine, then the missile would climb into the sky as the canister penetrated the surface and locked onto its target after launch.
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In tests in the mid-2000s, the AIM-9X was fired from a vertical launcher as a proof of concept demonstration. A few years later, the AIM-9X was launched from a real submarine as part of a series of integration tests. Since then, the program seems to have disappeared from public view, but the development probably has
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